InnoDB的锁机制
数据库使用所是为了支持更好的并发 提供数据的完整性和一致性。InnoDB是一个支持锁的存储引擎 锁的类型有 共享锁 S 、排它锁 X 、意向共享锁 IS 、意向排它锁 IX 。为了支持更好的并发 InnoDB提供了非锁定读 不需要等待访问行上的锁释放 读取行的一个快照。该方法是通过InnoDB的一个特写 MVCC实现的。
InnoDB的锁分类
Record Lock 行锁 单个行记录上的行锁
Gap Lock 间隙锁 锁定一个范围 但不包括记录本身
Next-Key Lock Gap Record Lock 锁定一个范围 并且锁定记录本身
无索引 RC/RR
当对无索引的字段进行更新时 RR级别 通过锁主键的方式 来锁住所有记录 RC级别不会锁所有记录。
构建表及初始化数据
mysql -uroot -pUSE test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_none;CREATE TABLE t_none ( id int(11) NOT NULL, mem_id int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( id )) ENGINE InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_none VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);
REPEATABLE-READ RR 默认级别
Session A
Session B
root localhost[zjkj]:10:53:18 prompt A
PROMPT set to A
A select session.tx_isolation;
root localhost[(none)]:11:02:58 prompt B
PROMPT set to B
B select session.tx_isolation;
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_none;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
B select * from t_none;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_none where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
B insert into t_none values(2,2);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
B delete from t_none where id
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
show engin inondb status部分输出
------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 10661
Purge done for trx s n:o 10659 undo n:o 0 state: running but idle
History list length 351
Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 2
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 10588, not started
MySQL thread id 4, OS thread handle 0x7f6f5085c700, query id 339 localhost root init
show engine innodb status
---TRANSACTION 10660, ACTIVE 17 sec inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 11, OS thread handle 0x7f6f508de700, query id 338 localhost root update
insert into t_none values(2,2)
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 17 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 68 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table test . t_none trx id 10660 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
结论 通过上面很容易的看到 没有通过索引for update时 当进行增删改都会锁住 MySQL内部会通过基于锁默认主键方式 对所有记录加X锁。
下面是RC级别的实验
Read Committed级别 RC
Session A
Session B
A set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_none where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
B insert into t_none values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
B select * from t_none;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
6 rows in set (0.00 sec
A rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
结论 在RC级别下 事务B是可以进行增删改 除被锁定的记录本身
非唯一索引 RR/RC
在RR级别下 InnoDB对于非唯一索引会加Gap Lock 也即锁定一个区间 而在RC级别下无。
构造初始化表及数据
mysql -uroot -pUSE test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_idx;CREATE TABLE t_idx ( id int(11) NOT NULL, mem_id int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY ( id ), KEY idx_mem_id ( mem_id )) ENGINE InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_idx VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);
Session A
Session B
root localhost[(none)]:06:01:59 use test;
root localhost[zjkj]:10:53:18 prompt A
PROMPT set to A
root localhost[(none)]:06:01:59 use test;
root localhost[(none)]:11:02:58 prompt B
PROMPT set to B
A select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| REPEATABLE-READ |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| REPEATABLE-READ |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_idx;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)
B select * from t_idx;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_idx where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
B insert into t_idx values(2,2);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
#问题 这里为什么会出现阻塞呢
B insert into t_idx values(4,4);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
#问题 这里为什么会出现阻塞呢
B insert into t_idx values(3,3);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
B insert into t_idx values(5,5);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 5 for key PRIMARY
B insert into t_idx values(1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 1 for key PRIMARY
#######下面插入全部可以######
B insert into t_idx values(6,6);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_idx values(7,7);
B insert into t_idx values(8,8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
B insert into t_idx values(12,12);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B select * from t_idx;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 6 |
| 7 | 7 |
| 8 | 8 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
| 12 | 12 |
---- --------
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
show engine inondb status部分输出------------
TRANSACTIONS
------------
Trx id counter 11044
Purge done for trx s n:o 11041 undo n:o 0 state: running but idle
History list length 372
Total number of lock structs in row lock hash table 5
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 0, not started
MySQL thread id 3, OS thread handle 0x7fd0430df700, query id 47 localhost root init
show engine innodb status
---TRANSACTION 11039, ACTIVE 228 sec inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 1248, 3 row lock(s), undo log entries 4
MySQL thread id 1, OS thread handle 0x7fd064099700, query id 45 localhost root update
insert into t_idx values(4,4)
Trx read view will not see trx with id 11040, sees 11038
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 22 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 70 page no 4 n bits 80 index idx_mem_id of table test . t_idx trx id 11039 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waitin
结论 通过上面可以看到 通过非唯一索引字段进行更新时 在进行增删改时 有的记录会出现阻塞 为什么会出现阻塞呢 其实就是用到了MySQL的间隙锁。那MySQL这里为什么要用间隙锁呢 目的主要是防止幻读。 那为什么有的记录可以插入有的不可以 因为InnoDB对于行的查询时采用了Next-Key Lock的算法 锁定的是一个范围 GAP 如下 ∞,1] (1,3] (3,5] (5,9] (9,11] (11, ∞)。InnoDB对辅助索引下一个键值也要加上Gap Lock 例如上面进行插入2、4、1、3、5时 就可以看出 其实锁住的区间是(1,5)。Read Committed级别 RCSession A
Session B
A rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_idx where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 3 |
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_idx values(1,1);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 1 for key PRIMARY
B insert into t_idx values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_idx values(3,3);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
B insert into t_idx values(4,4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
结论 在RC级别下 事务B是可以进行增删改 除被锁定的记录本身 没有出现间隙锁的现象。唯一索引 RR/RC
构造初始化表及数据
mysql -uroot –puse test;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_pk;CREATE TABLE t_pk ( id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, mem_id int(11) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( id ), UNIQUE uq_mem_id ( mem_id )) ENGINE InnoDB;INSERT INTO t_pk VALUES(1,1),(3,3),(5,5),(9,9),(11,11);REPEATABLE READ RR级别
root localhost[(none)]:10:04:34 use test;
root localhost[test]:10:04:41 prompt A
PROMPT set to A
root localhost[(none)]:10:04:37 use test;
root localhost[test]:10:04:52 prompt B
PROMPT set to B
A select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| REPEATABLE-READ |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
B select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| REPEATABLE-READ |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_pk;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
B select * from t_pk;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_pk where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(4,4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(3,3);
ERROR 1205 (HY000): Lock wait timeout exceeded; try restarting transaction
B insert into t_pk values(5,5);
ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 5 for key PRIMARY
B insert into t_pk values(7,7);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
结论 从这里可以看到 对于基于唯一索引的更新 MySQL只是锁定了记录本身。同理 我们可以推导出主键也是一样的。实验的话我就略了 其实就是将上面的mem_id改成id即可。
基于主键的Record Lock 还是RR级别A rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_pk where id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(4,4);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
结论 说明上面的推导正确。Read-Committed级别 RCA rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B rollback;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
B set session.tx_isolation read-committed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B select session.tx_isolation;
------------------------
| session.tx_isolation |
------------------------
| READ-COMMITTED |
------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
A begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
B begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_pk;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
B select * from t_pk;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 3 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 9 | 9 |
| 11 | 11 |
---- --------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
A select * from t_pk where mem_id 3 for update;
---- --------
| id | mem_id |
---- --------
| 3 | 3 |
---- --------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
B insert into t_pk values(4,4),(6,6),(10,10);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
结论:说明RC级别下 没有间隙锁存在。主键 RR/RC
这跟唯一索引 RR/RC是一样的 请参看上面的唯一索引 RR/RC。
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